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These antipopes are for the most part not self-proclaimed in the strictest sense. They organised elections by allegedly faithful Catholics, none of whom being a recognized cardinal. The smallest verified conclave was attended by only three electors, the largest is claimed to have comprised more than sixty-one electors. Examples are:

• Mirko Krav Fabris (Krav I), (since 1978), elected in Zagreb, Croatia.
• David Bawden (Michael I), (since 1990) elected in Kansas, United States of America
• Lucian Pulvermacher (Pius XIII) (since 1998), elected in Montana, United States of America, pope of the so-called True Catholic Church.
• Raphael Titus Otieno (since 2004), third of the Legio Maria popes (since 1962) of western Kenya

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Fiction

Antipopes have appeared as fictional characters. These may be either in historical fiction, as fictional portraits of well-known historical antipopes or in the guise of imaginary antipopes.

• Jean Raspail's novels of — L'Anneau du pêcheur (The Fisherman's Ring) — and Gérard Bavoux — Le Porteur de lumière (The Light-bringer) feature two antipopes.^[4][5] From two rather different perspectives these recount the fictional history of a parallel hierarchy, by which in secret French cardinals nominated the true Pope. As it is told, the antipope Benedict XV', Pierre Tifane, was recognized as pope in Avignon from 1437 to 1470. His successor, the antipope Benedict XVI (not to be confused with the validly-elected 21st century Pope Benedict XVI), Jean Langlade, reigned there from 1470 to 1499. These books build on claims that Jean Carrier, the second antipope Benedict XIV, nominated cardinals who were to continue this antipapal line, in the Great Schism.

• Robert Rankin's first part of his comic fantasy The Brentford Trilogy is called The Antipope, and features the resurrected Pope Alexander VI, the last Borgia pope.

• Walter M. Miller's A Canticle for Leibowitz makes repeated reference to an Antipope Vissarion, leader of the Vissarionist Schism of ca. 3000 AD. Several popes in the sequel, the post-apocalyptical novel Saint Leibowitz and the Wild Horse Woman are called antipopes during or after their papacies.

• The fictional synth-pop artist Zladko Vladcik claims to be The Anti-Pope in one of his songs.^{[verification needed]}

• Dan Simmons's novels Endymion and Rise of Endymion feature a Father Paul Duré who is the routinely murdered antipope Teilhard I.

• S.M. Stirling's Dies the Fire and its sequels feature an antipope named Leo, who is set up by one of the surviving communities of Western Oregon after the "the Change." After communications with Europe are reestablished, and the death of this antipope and his secular sponsor, his followers are reconciled with the Church.

• Ralph McInerny's novel The Red Hat features a schism between liberals and conservatives following the election of a conservative African Pope; the liberal faction, taking as pretext the exclusion from a previous conclave of a number of cardinals who had been named but not formally appointed before the Pope's death, elect an Italian cardinal who calls himself "Pius XIII".

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Notes

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References

• Antipope in the Catholic Encyclopaedia
• Antipope in The Pope Encyclopaedia
• Kelly, J.N.D, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, Oxford University Press, USA (June 1, 1986), ISBN 0-19-213964-9
• Raspail, Jean, L'Anneau du pêcheur, Paris : Albin Michel, 1994. 403 p. ISBN 2-226-07590-9
• Bavoux, Gérard, Le Porteur de lumière, Paris : Pygmalion, 1996. 329 p. ISBN 2-85704-488-7

v • d • e Antipopes of the Roman Catholic Church Hippolytus · Novatian · Felix II · Ursicinus · Eulalius · Laurentius · Dioscorus · Theodore · Paschal · Constantine II · Philip · John VIII · Anastasius · Christopher · Boniface VII · John XVI · Gregory VI · Benedict X · Honorius II · Clement III · Theodoric · Adalbert · Sylvester IV · Gregory VIII · Celestine II · Anacletus II · Victor IV (1138) · Victor IV (1159–1164) · Paschal III · Callixtus III · Innocent III · Nicholas V · Clement VII · Benedict XIII · Alexander V · John XXIII · Clement VIII · Benedict XIV · Felix V

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