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Al-Andalus



Main articles: Inventions in the Muslim world and Muslim Agricultural Revolution

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See also
History of Spain series
Prehistoric Iberia
Roman Hispania
Medieval Spain
– Visigothic Kingdom
– Suebic Kingdom
– Byzantine Spania
– al-Andalus
– Reconquista
Kingdom of Spain
– Age of Expansion
– Age of Enlightenment
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First Spanish Republic
The Restoration
Second Spanish Republic
Spanish Civil War
Spain under Franco
Transition to Democracy
Modern Spain
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Economic History
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History of Portugal
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 Timeline of Portuguese history 

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Footnotes

  1. ^ "Andalus, al-" Oxford Dictionary of Islam. John L. Esposito, Ed. Oxford University Press. 2003. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 12 June 2006.
  2. ^ Bossong 2002[online]:1
  3. ^ Bossong 2002
  4. ^ The village of Andaluz (41°31', -2°49') lies at the foot of Andaluz Mountain on the Duero River in the province of Soria, and within 10 km of it are the villages of Torreandaluz and Centenera de Andaluz. A brook named Andaluz is said to flow in the province of Guadalajara out of the Cueva de la Hoz (41°00', -2°18'). Bossong[online]:10-11, but the coordinates given are according to Google Maps and differ slightly from those in Bossong.
  5. ^ Dozy, Reinhart P. 1881. Recherches sur l'histoire et la littérature des Arabes d'Espagne pendant le Moyen-Age.
  6. ^ Bossong 2002[online]:2
  7. ^ Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín. 1986. The Territorial Divisions of Muslim Spain. Madrid: CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas).
  8. ^ "Atlantis", an entry in the Arabic language Wikipedia
  9. ^ Bossong[online]:3. The document in question is the Akhbar Majmu'a fi fath al-Andalus, "Collection of traditions on the conquest of al-Andalus". It was published in Spanish translation in 1867 by Emilio Lafuente y Alcántara. Its subtitle indicates it dates from the 11th c., but several historians today say the 10th c. instead, during the rule of caliph 'Abd al-Rahman III.
  10. ^ Punta de Tarifa
  11. ^ Halm 1989
  12. ^ Halm 1989:254
  13. ^ Tertius Chandler. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census (1987), St. David's University Press (etext.org). ISBN 0-88946-207-0.
  14. ^ Khaldun. The Muqaddimah
  15. ^ Wasserstein, 1995, p. 101.
  16. ^ Lewis, Bernard W (1984). The Jews of Islam, p. 4.
  17. ^ The Ornament of the World by María Rosa Menocal, Accessed, 12 June 2006.
  18. ^ Jayyusi.The legacy of Muslim Spain
  19. ^ Stavans, 2003, p. 10.
  20. ^ Kraemer, 2005, pp. 10-13.
  21. ^ Orthodox Europe: St Eulogius and the Blessing of Cordoba, Accessed 12 June 2006.
  22. ^ O'Callaghan, 1975, p. 286.
  23. ^ Roth, 1994, pp. 113-116.
  24. ^ Frederick M. Schweitzer, Marvin Perry., Anti-Semitism: myth and hate from antiquity to the present, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, ISBN 0312165617, pp. 267-268.
  25. ^ Granada by Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling, Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906 ed.
  26. ^ Harzig, Hoerder & Shubert, 2003, p. 42.
  27. ^ a b Islamic world. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 2, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
  28. ^ a b Frank and Leaman, 2003, p. 137-138.
  29. ^ The Almohads
  30. ^ Sephardim
  31. ^ Kraemer, 2005, pp. 16-17.
  32. ^ Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier
  33. ^ Previte-Orton (1971), vol. 1, pg. 376
  34. ^ Previte-Orton (1971), vol. 1, pg. 377
  35. ^ A. Martin-Araguz, C. Bustamante-Martinez, Ajo V. Fernandez-Armayor, J. M. Moreno-Martinez (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", Revista de neurología 34 (9), p. 877-892.

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Bibliography

  • Al-Djazairi, S.E. (2005). The Hidden Debt to Islamic Civilisation. Bayt Al-Hikma Press. ISBN 0-9551156-1-2
  • Bossong, Georg. 2002. Der Name Al-Andalus: Neue Überlegungen zu einem alten Problem. In David Restle and Dietmar Zaefferer, eds, Sounds and systems: studies in structure and change. A festschrift for Theo Vennemann. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 149-164. (In German) Also available online: see External Links below.
  • Cohen, Mark (1995). Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01082-X
  • Collins, Roger (1989). The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–797, Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19405-3
  • Frank, Daniel H. and Leaman, Oliver (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Jewish Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521655749
  • Halm, Heinz. 1989. Al-Andalus und Gothica Sors. Der Islam 66:252-263.
  • Hamilton, Michelle M., Sarah J. Portnoy, and David A. Wacks, eds. Wine, Women, and Song: Hebrew and Arabic Literature in Medieval Iberia. Newark, Del.: Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 2004.
  • Harzig, Christiane, Hoerder, Dirk and Shubert, Adrian (2003). The Historical Practice in Diversity. Berghahn Books. ISBN 1571813772
  • Kennedy, Hugh (1996).Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus, Longman. ISBN 0-582-49515-6
  • Kraemer, Joel (Jul, 1997). Comparing Crescent and Cross. The Journal of Religion, 77(3), pp. 449-454. (Book review)
  • Kraemer, Joel (2005). Moses Maimonides: An Intellectual Portrait. In Kenneth Seeskin (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Maimonides. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521819741
  • Lafuente y Alcántara, Emilio, translator. 1867. Ajbar Machmua (colección de tradiciones): crónica anónima del siglo XI / dada a luz por primera vez, traducida y anotada por Emilio Lafuente y Alcántara. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia y Geografía. In Spanish and Arabic. Also available in the public domain online, see External Links.
  • Luscombe, David et al. (Eds.). (2004). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, c.1024-c.1198, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41411-3
  • Marín, Manuela et al. (Eds.). (1998). The Formation of Al-Andalus: History and Society. Ashgate. ISBN 0-86078-708-7
  • Menocal, Maria Rosa (2002). Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain. Back Bay Books. ISBN 0-316-16871-8
  • Monroe, James T. Hispano-Arabic Poetry: A Student Anthology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.
  • Netanyahu, Benzion (1995). The Origins Of The Inquisition In Fifteenth Century Spain. Random House, Inc. ISBN 0-679-41065-1
  • O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1975). A History of Medieval Spain. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801492645
  • Omaar, Rageh, An Islamic History of Europe. video documentary, BBC Four: August 2005.
  • Reilly, Bernard F. (1993). The Medieval Spains. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521397413
  • Roth, Norman (1994). Jews, Visigoths and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict. Brill. ISBN 9004061312
  • Sanchez-Albornoz, Claudio (1974) El Islam de España y el Occidente. Madrid.
  • Stavans, Ilan (2003). The Scroll and the Cross: 1,000 Years of Jewish-Hispanic Literature. London: Routledge. ISBN 041592930X
  • Wasserstein, David J. (1995). Jewish élites in Al-Andalus. In Daniel Frank (Ed.). The Jews of Medieval Islam: Community, Society and Identity. Brill. ISBN 90-04-10404-6

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